variable to summarize

number of histogram bars

variable to summarize

passed to the modelsummary:::rounding function

a logical value indicating whether ‘NA’ values should be stripped before the computation proceeds.

unused

variable to summarize

passed to the modelsummary:::rounding function

a logical value indicating whether ‘NA’ values should be stripped before the computation proceeds.

unused

variable to summarize

passed to the modelsummary:::rounding function

a logical value indicating whether ‘NA’ values should be stripped before the computation proceeds.

unused

variable to summarize

passed to the modelsummary:::rounding function

a logical value indicating whether ‘NA’ values should be stripped before the computation proceeds.

unused

variable to summarize

variable to summarize

denominator variable

variable to summarize

unused

variable to summarize

unused

variable to summarize

passed to the modelsummary:::rounding function

a logical value indicating whether ‘NA’ values should be stripped before the computation proceeds.

unused

variable to summarize

passed to the modelsummary:::rounding function

a logical value indicating whether ‘NA’ values should be stripped before the computation proceeds.

unused

variable to summarize

passed to the modelsummary:::rounding function

a logical value indicating whether ‘NA’ values should be stripped before the computation proceeds.

unused

variable to summarize

passed to the modelsummary:::rounding function

a logical value indicating whether ‘NA’ values should be stripped before the computation proceeds.

unused

variable to summarize

passed to the modelsummary:::rounding function

a logical value indicating whether ‘NA’ values should be stripped before the computation proceeds.

unused

variable to summarize

variable to summarize

passed to the modelsummary:::rounding function

a logical value indicating whether ‘NA’ values should be stripped before the computation proceeds.

unused

variable to summarize

passed to the modelsummary:::rounding function

a logical value indicating whether ‘NA’ values should be stripped before the computation proceeds.

unused

character vector of term names to transform

boolean remove the "factor()" label

boolean remove the "factor()" label and the name of the variable

boolean remove the "poly()" label and function arguments

boolean remove backticks

boolean convert to title case

boolean replace underscores by spaces

boolean remove the I from as-is formula calls

Default output format: "tinytable", "kableExtra", "gt", "flextable", "huxtable", "DT", or "markdown"

Name of package used to generate LaTeX output when output="latex".

Name of package used to generate LaTeX output when output="html".

Name of package used to generate LaTeX output when output="markdown".

TRUE or FALSE to show warnings at startup

TRUE to return to default settings.

A two-sided formula to describe the table: rows ~ columns. See the Examples section for a mini-tutorial and the Details section for more resources. Grouping/nesting variables can appear on both sides of the formula, but all summary functions must be on one side.

A data.frame (or tibble)

filename or object type (character string)

• Supported filename extensions: .docx, .html, .tex, .md, .txt, .csv, .xlsx, .png, .jpg

• Supported object types: "default", "html", "markdown", "latex", "latex_tabular", "typst", "data.frame", "tinytable", "gt", "kableExtra", "huxtable", "flextable", "DT", "jupyter". The "modelsummary_list" value produces a lightweight object which can be saved and fed back to the modelsummary function.

• The "default" output format can be set to "tinytable", "kableExtra", "gt", "flextable", "huxtable", "DT", or "markdown"

  • If the user does not choose a default value, the packages listed above are tried in sequence.

  • Session-specific configuration: options("modelsummary_factory_default" = "gt")

  • Persistent configuration: config_modelsummary(output = "markdown")

• Warning: Users should not supply a file name to the output argument if they intend to customize the table with external packages. See the 'Details' section.

• LaTeX compilation requires the booktabs and siunitx packages, but siunitx can be disabled or replaced with global options. See the 'Details' section.

how to format numeric values: integer, user-supplied function, or modelsummary function.

• Integer: Number of decimal digits

• User-supplied functions:

  • Any function which accepts a numeric vector and returns a character vector of the same length.

• modelsummary functions:

  • fmt = fmt_significant(2): Two significant digits (at the term-level)

  • fmt = fmt_sprintf("%.3f"): See ?sprintf

  • fmt = fmt_identity(): unformatted raw values

string. Cross-reference labels should be added with Quarto or Rmarkdown chunk options when applicable. When saving standalone LaTeX files, users can add a label such as ⁠\\label{tab:mytable}⁠ directly to the title string, while also specifying escape=FALSE.

list or vector of notes to append to the bottom of the table.

A string with a number of characters equal to the number of columns in the table (e.g., align = "lcc"). Valid characters: l, c, r, d.

• "l": left-aligned column

• "c": centered column

• "r": right-aligned column

• "d": dot-aligned column. For LaTeX/PDF output, this option requires at least version 3.0.25 of the siunitx LaTeX package. See the LaTeX preamble help section below for commands to insert in your LaTeX preamble.

a data.frame (or tibble) with the same number of rows as your main table.

a data.frame (or tibble) with the same number of columns as your main table. By default, rows are appended to the bottom of the table. Positions can be defined using integers. In the modelsummary() function (only), you can also use string shortcuts: "coef_start", "coef_end", "gof_start", "gof_end"

• attr(new_rows, 1:2)

• attr(new_rows, "gof_start") See Examples section below.

TRUE or FALSE. TRUE eliminates column headers which have a unique label across all columns, except for the row immediately above the data. FALSE keeps all headers. The order in which terms are entered in the formula determines the order in which headers appear. For example, x~mean*z will print the mean-related header above the z-related header.'

boolean TRUE escapes or substitutes LaTeX/HTML characters which could prevent the file from compiling/displaying. TRUE escapes all cells, captions, and notes. Users can have more fine-grained control by setting escape=FALSE and using an external command such as: modelsummary(model, "latex") |> tinytable::format_tt(tab, j=1:5, escape=TRUE)

all other arguments are passed through to the table-making functions tinytable::tt, kableExtra::kbl, gt::gt, DT::datatable, etc. depending on the output argument. This allows users to pass arguments directly to datasummary in order to affect the behavior of other functions behind the scenes.

• ~1: show summary statistics for the full dataset

• one-sided formula: with the "condition" or "column" variable on the right-hand side.

• two-side formula: with the subset of variables to summarize on the left-hand side and the condition variable on the right-hand side.

A data.frame (or tibble). If this data includes columns called "blocks", "clusters", and/or "weights", the "estimatr" package will consider them when calculating the difference in means. If there is a weights column, the reported mean and standard errors will also be weighted.

filename or object type (character string)

• Supported filename extensions: .docx, .html, .tex, .md, .txt, .csv, .xlsx, .png, .jpg

• Supported object types: "default", "html", "markdown", "latex", "latex_tabular", "typst", "data.frame", "tinytable", "gt", "kableExtra", "huxtable", "flextable", "DT", "jupyter". The "modelsummary_list" value produces a lightweight object which can be saved and fed back to the modelsummary function.

• The "default" output format can be set to "tinytable", "kableExtra", "gt", "flextable", "huxtable", "DT", or "markdown"

  • If the user does not choose a default value, the packages listed above are tried in sequence.

  • Session-specific configuration: options("modelsummary_factory_default" = "gt")

  • Persistent configuration: config_modelsummary(output = "markdown")

• Warning: Users should not supply a file name to the output argument if they intend to customize the table with external packages. See the 'Details' section.

• LaTeX compilation requires the booktabs and siunitx packages, but siunitx can be disabled or replaced with global options. See the 'Details' section.

how to format numeric values: integer, user-supplied function, or modelsummary function.

• Integer: Number of decimal digits

• User-supplied functions:

  • Any function which accepts a numeric vector and returns a character vector of the same length.

• modelsummary functions:

  • fmt = fmt_significant(2): Two significant digits (at the term-level)

  • fmt = fmt_sprintf("%.3f"): See ?sprintf

  • fmt = fmt_identity(): unformatted raw values

string. Cross-reference labels should be added with Quarto or Rmarkdown chunk options when applicable. When saving standalone LaTeX files, users can add a label such as ⁠\\label{tab:mytable}⁠ directly to the title string, while also specifying escape=FALSE.

list or vector of notes to append to the bottom of the table.

A string with a number of characters equal to the number of columns in the table (e.g., align = "lcc"). Valid characters: l, c, r, d.

• "l": left-aligned column

• "c": centered column

• "r": right-aligned column

• "d": dot-aligned column. For LaTeX/PDF output, this option requires at least version 3.0.25 of the siunitx LaTeX package. See the LaTeX preamble help section below for commands to insert in your LaTeX preamble.

to indicate statistical significance

• FALSE (default): no significance stars.

• TRUE: c("+" = .1, "*" = .05, "**" = .01, "***" = 0.001)

• Named numeric vector for custom stars such as c('*' = .1, '+' = .05)

• Note: a legend will not be inserted at the bottom of the table when the estimate or statistic arguments use "glue strings" with {stars}.

a data.frame (or tibble) with the same number of rows as your main table.

a data.frame (or tibble) with the same number of columns as your main table. By default, rows are appended to the bottom of the table. Positions can be defined using integers. In the modelsummary() function (only), you can also use string shortcuts: "coef_start", "coef_end", "gof_start", "gof_end"

• attr(new_rows, 1:2)

• attr(new_rows, "gof_start") See Examples section below.

TRUE calculates a difference in means with uncertainty estimates. This option is only available if the estimatr package is installed. If data includes columns named "blocks", "clusters", or "weights", this information will be taken into account automatically by estimatr::difference_in_means.

string: "std.error" or "p.value"

boolean TRUE escapes or substitutes LaTeX/HTML characters which could prevent the file from compiling/displaying. TRUE escapes all cells, captions, and notes. Users can have more fine-grained control by setting escape=FALSE and using an external command such as: modelsummary(model, "latex") |> tinytable::format_tt(tab, j=1:5, escape=TRUE)

all other arguments are passed through to the table-making functions tinytable::tt, kableExtra::kbl, gt::gt, DT::datatable, etc. depending on the output argument. This allows users to pass arguments directly to datasummary in order to affect the behavior of other functions behind the scenes.

A data.frame (or tibble)

filename or object type (character string)

• Supported filename extensions: .docx, .html, .tex, .md, .txt, .csv, .xlsx, .png, .jpg

• Supported object types: "default", "html", "markdown", "latex", "latex_tabular", "typst", "data.frame", "tinytable", "gt", "kableExtra", "huxtable", "flextable", "DT", "jupyter". The "modelsummary_list" value produces a lightweight object which can be saved and fed back to the modelsummary function.

• The "default" output format can be set to "tinytable", "kableExtra", "gt", "flextable", "huxtable", "DT", or "markdown"

  • If the user does not choose a default value, the packages listed above are tried in sequence.

  • Session-specific configuration: options("modelsummary_factory_default" = "gt")

  • Persistent configuration: config_modelsummary(output = "markdown")

• Warning: Users should not supply a file name to the output argument if they intend to customize the table with external packages. See the 'Details' section.

• LaTeX compilation requires the booktabs and siunitx packages, but siunitx can be disabled or replaced with global options. See the 'Details' section.

character or function

• character: "pearson", "kendall", "spearman", or "pearspear" (Pearson correlations above and Spearman correlations below the diagonal)

• function: takes a data.frame with numeric columns and returns a square matrix or data.frame with unique row.names and colnames corresponding to variable names. Note that the datasummary_correlation_format can often be useful for formatting the output of custom correlation functions.

how to format numeric values: integer, user-supplied function, or modelsummary function.

• Integer: Number of decimal digits

• User-supplied functions:

  • Any function which accepts a numeric vector and returns a character vector of the same length.

• modelsummary functions:

  • fmt = fmt_significant(2): Two significant digits (at the term-level)

  • fmt = fmt_sprintf("%.3f"): See ?sprintf

  • fmt = fmt_identity(): unformatted raw values

A string with a number of characters equal to the number of columns in the table (e.g., align = "lcc"). Valid characters: l, c, r, d.

• "l": left-aligned column

• "c": centered column

• "r": right-aligned column

• "d": dot-aligned column. For LaTeX/PDF output, this option requires at least version 3.0.25 of the siunitx LaTeX package. See the LaTeX preamble help section below for commands to insert in your LaTeX preamble.

a data.frame (or tibble) with the same number of columns as your main table. By default, rows are appended to the bottom of the table. Positions can be defined using integers. In the modelsummary() function (only), you can also use string shortcuts: "coef_start", "coef_end", "gof_start", "gof_end"

• attr(new_rows, 1:2)

• attr(new_rows, "gof_start") See Examples section below.

a data.frame (or tibble) with the same number of rows as your main table.

string. Cross-reference labels should be added with Quarto or Rmarkdown chunk options when applicable. When saving standalone LaTeX files, users can add a label such as ⁠\\label{tab:mytable}⁠ directly to the title string, while also specifying escape=FALSE.

list or vector of notes to append to the bottom of the table.

boolean TRUE escapes or substitutes LaTeX/HTML characters which could prevent the file from compiling/displaying. TRUE escapes all cells, captions, and notes. Users can have more fine-grained control by setting escape=FALSE and using an external command such as: modelsummary(model, "latex") |> tinytable::format_tt(tab, j=1:5, escape=TRUE)

to indicate statistical significance

• FALSE (default): no significance stars.

• TRUE: c("+" = .1, "*" = .05, "**" = .01, "***" = 0.001)

• Named numeric vector for custom stars such as c('*' = .1, '+' = .05)

• Note: a legend will not be inserted at the bottom of the table when the estimate or statistic arguments use "glue strings" with {stars}.

other parameters are passed through to the table-making packages.

square numeric matrix

how to format numeric values: integer, user-supplied function, or modelsummary function.

• Integer: Number of decimal digits

• User-supplied functions:

  • Any function which accepts a numeric vector and returns a character vector of the same length.

• modelsummary functions:

  • fmt = fmt_significant(2): Two significant digits (at the term-level)

  • fmt = fmt_sprintf("%.3f"): See ?sprintf

  • fmt = fmt_identity(): unformatted raw values

boolean. If FALSE, leading zeros are removed

character or NULL. If character, all elements of the diagonal are replaced by the same character (e.g., "1").

character or NULL. If character, all elements of the upper triangle are replaced by the same character (e.g., "" or ".").

to indicate statistical significance

• FALSE (default): no significance stars.

• TRUE: c("+" = .1, "*" = .05, "**" = .01, "***" = 0.001)

• Named numeric vector for custom stars such as c('*' = .1, '+' = .05)

• Note: a legend will not be inserted at the bottom of the table when the estimate or statistic arguments use "glue strings" with {stars}.

A two-sided formula to describe the table: rows ~ columns, where rows and columns are variables in the data. Rows and columns may contain interactions, e.g., var1 * var2 ~ var3.

A formula of the form 1 ~ 1 + N + Percent("row"). The left-hand side may only be empty or contain a 1 to include row totals. The right-hand side may contain: 1 for column totals, N for counts, Percent() for cell percentages, Percent("row") for row percentages, Percent("col") for column percentages.

A data.frame (or tibble)

filename or object type (character string)

• Supported filename extensions: .docx, .html, .tex, .md, .txt, .csv, .xlsx, .png, .jpg

• Supported object types: "default", "html", "markdown", "latex", "latex_tabular", "typst", "data.frame", "tinytable", "gt", "kableExtra", "huxtable", "flextable", "DT", "jupyter". The "modelsummary_list" value produces a lightweight object which can be saved and fed back to the modelsummary function.

• The "default" output format can be set to "tinytable", "kableExtra", "gt", "flextable", "huxtable", "DT", or "markdown"

  • If the user does not choose a default value, the packages listed above are tried in sequence.

  • Session-specific configuration: options("modelsummary_factory_default" = "gt")

  • Persistent configuration: config_modelsummary(output = "markdown")

• Warning: Users should not supply a file name to the output argument if they intend to customize the table with external packages. See the 'Details' section.

• LaTeX compilation requires the booktabs and siunitx packages, but siunitx can be disabled or replaced with global options. See the 'Details' section.

how to format numeric values: integer, user-supplied function, or modelsummary function.

• Integer: Number of decimal digits

• User-supplied functions:

  • Any function which accepts a numeric vector and returns a character vector of the same length.

• modelsummary functions:

  • fmt = fmt_significant(2): Two significant digits (at the term-level)

  • fmt = fmt_sprintf("%.3f"): See ?sprintf

  • fmt = fmt_identity(): unformatted raw values

string. Cross-reference labels should be added with Quarto or Rmarkdown chunk options when applicable. When saving standalone LaTeX files, users can add a label such as ⁠\\label{tab:mytable}⁠ directly to the title string, while also specifying escape=FALSE.

list or vector of notes to append to the bottom of the table.

A string with a number of characters equal to the number of columns in the table (e.g., align = "lcc"). Valid characters: l, c, r, d.

• "l": left-aligned column

• "c": centered column

• "r": right-aligned column

• "d": dot-aligned column. For LaTeX/PDF output, this option requires at least version 3.0.25 of the siunitx LaTeX package. See the LaTeX preamble help section below for commands to insert in your LaTeX preamble.

a data.frame (or tibble) with the same number of rows as your main table.

a data.frame (or tibble) with the same number of columns as your main table. By default, rows are appended to the bottom of the table. Positions can be defined using integers. In the modelsummary() function (only), you can also use string shortcuts: "coef_start", "coef_end", "gof_start", "gof_end"

• attr(new_rows, 1:2)

• attr(new_rows, "gof_start") See Examples section below.

TRUE or FALSE. TRUE eliminates column headers which have a unique label across all columns, except for the row immediately above the data. FALSE keeps all headers. The order in which terms are entered in the formula determines the order in which headers appear. For example, x~mean*z will print the mean-related header above the z-related header.'

boolean TRUE escapes or substitutes LaTeX/HTML characters which could prevent the file from compiling/displaying. TRUE escapes all cells, captions, and notes. Users can have more fine-grained control by setting escape=FALSE and using an external command such as: modelsummary(model, "latex") |> tinytable::format_tt(tab, j=1:5, escape=TRUE)

all other arguments are passed through to the table-making functions tinytable::tt, kableExtra::kbl, gt::gt, DT::datatable, etc. depending on the output argument. This allows users to pass arguments directly to datasummary in order to affect the behavior of other functions behind the scenes.

A data.frame (or tibble)

filename or object type (character string)

• Supported filename extensions: .docx, .html, .tex, .md, .txt, .csv, .xlsx, .png, .jpg

• Supported object types: "default", "html", "markdown", "latex", "latex_tabular", "typst", "data.frame", "tinytable", "gt", "kableExtra", "huxtable", "flextable", "DT", "jupyter". The "modelsummary_list" value produces a lightweight object which can be saved and fed back to the modelsummary function.

• The "default" output format can be set to "tinytable", "kableExtra", "gt", "flextable", "huxtable", "DT", or "markdown"

  • If the user does not choose a default value, the packages listed above are tried in sequence.

  • Session-specific configuration: options("modelsummary_factory_default" = "gt")

  • Persistent configuration: config_modelsummary(output = "markdown")

• Warning: Users should not supply a file name to the output argument if they intend to customize the table with external packages. See the 'Details' section.

• LaTeX compilation requires the booktabs and siunitx packages, but siunitx can be disabled or replaced with global options. See the 'Details' section.

how to format numeric values: integer, user-supplied function, or modelsummary function.

• Integer: Number of decimal digits

• User-supplied functions:

  • Any function which accepts a numeric vector and returns a character vector of the same length.

• modelsummary functions:

  • fmt = fmt_significant(2): Two significant digits (at the term-level)

  • fmt = fmt_sprintf("%.3f"): See ?sprintf

  • fmt = fmt_identity(): unformatted raw values

A string with a number of characters equal to the number of columns in the table (e.g., align = "lcc"). Valid characters: l, c, r, d.

• "l": left-aligned column

• "c": centered column

• "r": right-aligned column

• "d": dot-aligned column. For LaTeX/PDF output, this option requires at least version 3.0.25 of the siunitx LaTeX package. See the LaTeX preamble help section below for commands to insert in your LaTeX preamble.

position of horizontal rules (integer vector)

string. Cross-reference labels should be added with Quarto or Rmarkdown chunk options when applicable. When saving standalone LaTeX files, users can add a label such as ⁠\\label{tab:mytable}⁠ directly to the title string, while also specifying escape=FALSE.

list or vector of notes to append to the bottom of the table.

a data.frame (or tibble) with the same number of columns as your main table. By default, rows are appended to the bottom of the table. Positions can be defined using integers. In the modelsummary() function (only), you can also use string shortcuts: "coef_start", "coef_end", "gof_start", "gof_end"

• attr(new_rows, 1:2)

• attr(new_rows, "gof_start") See Examples section below.

a data.frame (or tibble) with the same number of rows as your main table.

boolean TRUE escapes or substitutes LaTeX/HTML characters which could prevent the file from compiling/displaying. TRUE escapes all cells, captions, and notes. Users can have more fine-grained control by setting escape=FALSE and using an external command such as: modelsummary(model, "latex") |> tinytable::format_tt(tab, j=1:5, escape=TRUE)

all other arguments are passed through to the table-making functions tinytable::tt, kableExtra::kbl, gt::gt, DT::datatable, etc. depending on the output argument. This allows users to pass arguments directly to datasummary in order to affect the behavior of other functions behind the scenes.

A data.frame (or tibble)

filename or object type (character string)

• Supported filename extensions: .docx, .html, .tex, .md, .txt, .csv, .xlsx, .png, .jpg

• Supported object types: "default", "html", "markdown", "latex", "latex_tabular", "typst", "data.frame", "tinytable", "gt", "kableExtra", "huxtable", "flextable", "DT", "jupyter". The "modelsummary_list" value produces a lightweight object which can be saved and fed back to the modelsummary function.

• The "default" output format can be set to "tinytable", "kableExtra", "gt", "flextable", "huxtable", "DT", or "markdown"

  • If the user does not choose a default value, the packages listed above are tried in sequence.

  • Session-specific configuration: options("modelsummary_factory_default" = "gt")

  • Persistent configuration: config_modelsummary(output = "markdown")

• Warning: Users should not supply a file name to the output argument if they intend to customize the table with external packages. See the 'Details' section.

• LaTeX compilation requires the booktabs and siunitx packages, but siunitx can be disabled or replaced with global options. See the 'Details' section.

String. Variables to summarize: "all", "numeric", "categorical", "dataset"

how to format numeric values: integer, user-supplied function, or modelsummary function.

• Integer: Number of decimal digits

• User-supplied functions:

  • Any function which accepts a numeric vector and returns a character vector of the same length.

• modelsummary functions:

  • fmt = fmt_significant(2): Two significant digits (at the term-level)

  • fmt = fmt_sprintf("%.3f"): See ?sprintf

  • fmt = fmt_identity(): unformatted raw values

string. Cross-reference labels should be added with Quarto or Rmarkdown chunk options when applicable. When saving standalone LaTeX files, users can add a label such as ⁠\\label{tab:mytable}⁠ directly to the title string, while also specifying escape=FALSE.

list or vector of notes to append to the bottom of the table.

A string with a number of characters equal to the number of columns in the table (e.g., align = "lcc"). Valid characters: l, c, r, d.

• "l": left-aligned column

• "c": centered column

• "r": right-aligned column

• "d": dot-aligned column. For LaTeX/PDF output, this option requires at least version 3.0.25 of the siunitx LaTeX package. See the LaTeX preamble help section below for commands to insert in your LaTeX preamble.

boolean TRUE escapes or substitutes LaTeX/HTML characters which could prevent the file from compiling/displaying. TRUE escapes all cells, captions, and notes. Users can have more fine-grained control by setting escape=FALSE and using an external command such as: modelsummary(model, "latex") |> tinytable::format_tt(tab, j=1:5, escape=TRUE)

Character vector of grouping variables to compute statistics over.

Named list of funtions to apply to each numeric column of data. If fun_numeric includes "Histogram" or "Density", inline plots are inserted. This argument is only used when type="numeric" or "all".

all other arguments are passed through to the table-making functions tinytable::tt, kableExtra::kbl, gt::gt, DT::datatable, etc. depending on the output argument. This allows users to pass arguments directly to datasummary in order to affect the behavior of other functions behind the scenes.

A two-sided formula to describe the table: rows ~ columns. See the Examples section for a mini-tutorial and the Details section for more resources. Grouping/nesting variables can appear on both sides of the formula, but all summary functions must be on one side.

A data.frame (or tibble)

filename or object type (character string)

• Supported filename extensions: .docx, .html, .tex, .md, .txt, .csv, .xlsx, .png, .jpg

• Supported object types: "default", "html", "markdown", "latex", "latex_tabular", "typst", "data.frame", "tinytable", "gt", "kableExtra", "huxtable", "flextable", "DT", "jupyter". The "modelsummary_list" value produces a lightweight object which can be saved and fed back to the modelsummary function.

• The "default" output format can be set to "tinytable", "kableExtra", "gt", "flextable", "huxtable", "DT", or "markdown"

  • If the user does not choose a default value, the packages listed above are tried in sequence.

  • Session-specific configuration: options("modelsummary_factory_default" = "gt")

  • Persistent configuration: config_modelsummary(output = "markdown")

• Warning: Users should not supply a file name to the output argument if they intend to customize the table with external packages. See the 'Details' section.

• LaTeX compilation requires the booktabs and siunitx packages, but siunitx can be disabled or replaced with global options. See the 'Details' section.

how to format numeric values: integer, user-supplied function, or modelsummary function.

• Integer: Number of decimal digits

• User-supplied functions:

  • Any function which accepts a numeric vector and returns a character vector of the same length.

• modelsummary functions:

  • fmt = fmt_significant(2): Two significant digits (at the term-level)

  • fmt = fmt_sprintf("%.3f"): See ?sprintf

  • fmt = fmt_identity(): unformatted raw values

string. Cross-reference labels should be added with Quarto or Rmarkdown chunk options when applicable. When saving standalone LaTeX files, users can add a label such as ⁠\\label{tab:mytable}⁠ directly to the title string, while also specifying escape=FALSE.

list or vector of notes to append to the bottom of the table.

A string with a number of characters equal to the number of columns in the table (e.g., align = "lcc"). Valid characters: l, c, r, d.

• "l": left-aligned column

• "c": centered column

• "r": right-aligned column

• "d": dot-aligned column. For LaTeX/PDF output, this option requires at least version 3.0.25 of the siunitx LaTeX package. See the LaTeX preamble help section below for commands to insert in your LaTeX preamble.

a data.frame (or tibble) with the same number of rows as your main table.

a data.frame (or tibble) with the same number of columns as your main table. By default, rows are appended to the bottom of the table. Positions can be defined using integers. In the modelsummary() function (only), you can also use string shortcuts: "coef_start", "coef_end", "gof_start", "gof_end"

• attr(new_rows, 1:2)

• attr(new_rows, "gof_start") See Examples section below.

TRUE or FALSE. TRUE eliminates column headers which have a unique label across all columns, except for the row immediately above the data. FALSE keeps all headers. The order in which terms are entered in the formula determines the order in which headers appear. For example, x~mean*z will print the mean-related header above the z-related header.'

boolean TRUE escapes or substitutes LaTeX/HTML characters which could prevent the file from compiling/displaying. TRUE escapes all cells, captions, and notes. Users can have more fine-grained control by setting escape=FALSE and using an external command such as: modelsummary(model, "latex") |> tinytable::format_tt(tab, j=1:5, escape=TRUE)

all other arguments are passed through to the table-making functions tinytable::tt, kableExtra::kbl, gt::gt, DT::datatable, etc. depending on the output argument. This allows users to pass arguments directly to datasummary in order to affect the behavior of other functions behind the scenes.

A regression model or list of regression models

Should the models be numbered (1), (2), etc., in addition to their dependent variable names?

boolean FALSE returns the dependent variable names as they appear in the model. TRUE returns the dependent variable names as they appear in the data, without transformations.

If insight::find_response() cannot find a response, the column title to use in its place. Set to ' ' to leave blank.

a character string to escape

a character string to escape

boolean

boolean

Number of decimal digits to keep, including trailing zeros.

Number of decimal digits to keep for p values. If NULL, the value of digits is used.

Additional arguments are passed to the format() function (e.g., big.marks, scientific). See ?format

Confidence level to use for the equivalence test (1 - alpha).

Number of significant digits to keep.

Number of decimal digits to keep for p values. If NULL, the value of digits is used.

Additional arguments are passed to the format() function (e.g., big.marks, scientific). See ?format

a positive integer indicating how many significant digits are to be used for numeric and complex x.

additional arguments passed to format().

Number of significant digits to keep.

Additional arguments are passed to the format() function (e.g., big.marks, scientific). See ?format

A string to control sprintf(), such as "%.3f" to keep 3 decimal digits. See ?sprintf

Statistic names and fmt value

Number of decimal digits to keep for unspecified terms

Term names and fmt value

Number of decimal digits to keep for unspecified terms

a single model object

numeric value between 0 and 1. confidence level to use for confidence intervals. Setting this argument to NULL does not extract confidence intervals, which can be faster for some models.

robust standard errors and other manual statistics. The vcov argument accepts six types of input (see the 'Details' and 'Examples' sections below):

• NULL returns the default uncertainty estimates of the model object

• string, vector, or (named) list of strings. "iid", "classical", and "constant" are aliases for NULL, which returns the model's default uncertainty estimates. The strings "HC", "HC0", "HC1" (alias: "stata"), "HC2", "HC3" (alias: "robust"), "HC4", "HC4m", "HC5", "HAC", "NeweyWest", "Andrews", "panel-corrected", "outer-product", and "weave" use variance-covariance matrices computed using functions from the sandwich package, or equivalent method. "BS", "bootstrap", "residual", "mammen", "webb", "xy", "wild" use the sandwich::vcovBS(). The behavior of those functions can (and sometimes must) be altered by passing arguments to sandwich directly from modelsummary through the ellipsis (...), but it is safer to define your own custom functions as described in the next bullet.

• function or (named) list of functions which return variance-covariance matrices with row and column names equal to the names of your coefficient estimates (e.g., stats::vcov, sandwich::vcovHC, function(x) vcovPC(x, cluster="country")).

• formula or (named) list of formulas with the cluster variable(s) on the right-hand side (e.g., ~clusterid).

• named list of length(models) variance-covariance matrices with row and column names equal to the names of your coefficient estimates.

• a named list of length(models) vectors with names equal to the names of your coefficient estimates. See 'Examples' section below. Warning: since this list of vectors can include arbitrary strings or numbers, modelsummary cannot automatically calculate p values. The stars argument may thus use incorrect significance thresholds when vcov is a list of vectors.

NULL, formula, or string which determines the shape of a table.

• NULL: Default shape with terms in rows and models in columns.

• Formula: The left side determines what appears on rows, and the right side determines what appears on columns. The formula can include one or more group identifier(s) to display related terms together, which can be useful for models with multivariate outcomes or grouped coefficients (See examples section below). The group identifier(s) must be column names produced by: get_estimates(model). The group identifier(s) can be combined with the term identifier in a single column by using the colon to represent an interaction. If an incomplete formula is supplied (e.g., ~statistic), modelsummary tries to complete it automatically. Goodness-of-fit statistics are only appended to the bottom of the table when model is on the right hand side of the formula (i.e., columns). Potential shape values include:

  • term + statistic ~ model: default

  • term ~ model + statistic: statistics in separate columns

  • model + statistic ~ term: models in rows and terms in columns

  • term + response + statistic ~ model: term and group id in separate columns

  • term : response + statistic ~ model: term and group id in a single column

  • term ~ response

• String: "cbind", "rbind", "rcollapse"

  • "cbind": side-by-side models with autmoatic spanning column headers to group models (tinytable only feature).

  • "rbind" or "rcollapse": "panels" or "stacks" of regression models.

  • the models argument must be a (potentially named) nested list of models.

  • Unnamed nested list with 2 panels: list(list(model1, model2), list(model3, model4))

  • Named nested list with 2 panels: list("Panel A" = list(model1, model2), "Panel B" = list(model3, model4))

  • Named panels and named models: list("Panel A" = list("(I)" = model1, "(II)" = model2), "Panel B" = list("(I)" = model3, "(II)" = model4))

  • "rbind": Bind the rows of independent regression tables

  • "rcollapse": Bind the rows of regression tables and create a panel at the bottom where we "collapse" goodness-of-fit statistics which are identical across models.

logical, named or unnamed character vector, or function

• Logical: TRUE renames variables based on the "label" attribute of each column. See the Example section below.

• Unnamed character vector of length equal to the number of coefficients in the final table, after coef_omit is applied.

• Named character vector: Values refer to the variable names that will appear in the table. Names refer to the original term names stored in the model object. Ex: c("hp:mpg"="hp X mpg")

• Function: Accepts a character vector of the model's term names and returns a named vector like the one described above. The modelsummary package supplies a coef_rename() function which can do common cleaning tasks: modelsummary(model, coef_rename = coef_rename)

all other arguments are passed through to three functions. See the documentation of these functions for lists of available arguments.

• parameters::model_parameters extracts parameter estimates. Available arguments depend on model type, but include:

  • standardize, include_reference, centrality, dispersion, test, ci_method, prior, diagnostic, rope_range, power, cluster, etc.

• performance::model_performance extracts goodness-of-fit statistics. Available arguments depend on model type, but include:

  • metrics, estimator, etc.

• tinytable::tt, kableExtra::kbl or gt::gt draw tables, depending on the value of the output argument. For example, by default modelsummary creates tables with tinytable::tt, which accepts a width and theme arguments.

a single model object

function which accepts a model object in the model argument and returns a 1-row data.frame with one custom goodness-of-fit statistic per column.

string vcov type to add at the bottom of the table

all other arguments are passed through to three functions. See the documentation of these functions for lists of available arguments.

• parameters::model_parameters extracts parameter estimates. Available arguments depend on model type, but include:

  • standardize, include_reference, centrality, dispersion, test, ci_method, prior, diagnostic, rope_range, power, cluster, etc.

• performance::model_performance extracts goodness-of-fit statistics. Available arguments depend on model type, but include:

  • metrics, estimator, etc.

• tinytable::tt, kableExtra::kbl or gt::gt draw tables, depending on the value of the output argument. For example, by default modelsummary creates tables with tinytable::tt, which accepts a width and theme arguments.

object type with an available tidy method.

robust standard errors and other manual statistics. The vcov argument accepts six types of input (see the 'Details' and 'Examples' sections below):

• NULL returns the default uncertainty estimates of the model object

• string, vector, or (named) list of strings. "iid", "classical", and "constant" are aliases for NULL, which returns the model's default uncertainty estimates. The strings "HC", "HC0", "HC1" (alias: "stata"), "HC2", "HC3" (alias: "robust"), "HC4", "HC4m", "HC5", "HAC", "NeweyWest", "Andrews", "panel-corrected", "outer-product", and "weave" use variance-covariance matrices computed using functions from the sandwich package, or equivalent method. "BS", "bootstrap", "residual", "mammen", "webb", "xy", "wild" use the sandwich::vcovBS(). The behavior of those functions can (and sometimes must) be altered by passing arguments to sandwich directly from modelsummary through the ellipsis (...), but it is safer to define your own custom functions as described in the next bullet.

• function or (named) list of functions which return variance-covariance matrices with row and column names equal to the names of your coefficient estimates (e.g., stats::vcov, sandwich::vcovHC, function(x) vcovPC(x, cluster="country")).

• formula or (named) list of formulas with the cluster variable(s) on the right-hand side (e.g., ~clusterid).

• named list of length(models) variance-covariance matrices with row and column names equal to the names of your coefficient estimates.

• a named list of length(models) vectors with names equal to the names of your coefficient estimates. See 'Examples' section below. Warning: since this list of vectors can include arbitrary strings or numbers, modelsummary cannot automatically calculate p values. The stars argument may thus use incorrect significance thresholds when vcov is a list of vectors.

all other arguments are passed through to three functions. See the documentation of these functions for lists of available arguments.

• parameters::model_parameters extracts parameter estimates. Available arguments depend on model type, but include:

  • standardize, include_reference, centrality, dispersion, test, ci_method, prior, diagnostic, rope_range, power, cluster, etc.

• performance::model_performance extracts goodness-of-fit statistics. Available arguments depend on model type, but include:

  • metrics, estimator, etc.

• tinytable::tt, kableExtra::kbl or gt::gt draw tables, depending on the value of the output argument. For example, by default modelsummary creates tables with tinytable::tt, which accepts a width and theme arguments.

object type with an available tidy method.

robust standard errors and other manual statistics. The vcov argument accepts six types of input (see the 'Details' and 'Examples' sections below):

• NULL returns the default uncertainty estimates of the model object

• string, vector, or (named) list of strings. "iid", "classical", and "constant" are aliases for NULL, which returns the model's default uncertainty estimates. The strings "HC", "HC0", "HC1" (alias: "stata"), "HC2", "HC3" (alias: "robust"), "HC4", "HC4m", "HC5", "HAC", "NeweyWest", "Andrews", "panel-corrected", "outer-product", and "weave" use variance-covariance matrices computed using functions from the sandwich package, or equivalent method. "BS", "bootstrap", "residual", "mammen", "webb", "xy", "wild" use the sandwich::vcovBS(). The behavior of those functions can (and sometimes must) be altered by passing arguments to sandwich directly from modelsummary through the ellipsis (...), but it is safer to define your own custom functions as described in the next bullet.

• function or (named) list of functions which return variance-covariance matrices with row and column names equal to the names of your coefficient estimates (e.g., stats::vcov, sandwich::vcovHC, function(x) vcovPC(x, cluster="country")).

• formula or (named) list of formulas with the cluster variable(s) on the right-hand side (e.g., ~clusterid).

• named list of length(models) variance-covariance matrices with row and column names equal to the names of your coefficient estimates.

• a named list of length(models) vectors with names equal to the names of your coefficient estimates. See 'Examples' section below. Warning: since this list of vectors can include arbitrary strings or numbers, modelsummary cannot automatically calculate p values. The stars argument may thus use incorrect significance thresholds when vcov is a list of vectors.

all other arguments are passed through to three functions. See the documentation of these functions for lists of available arguments.

• parameters::model_parameters extracts parameter estimates. Available arguments depend on model type, but include:

  • standardize, include_reference, centrality, dispersion, test, ci_method, prior, diagnostic, rope_range, power, cluster, etc.

• performance::model_performance extracts goodness-of-fit statistics. Available arguments depend on model type, but include:

  • metrics, estimator, etc.

• tinytable::tt, kableExtra::kbl or gt::gt draw tables, depending on the value of the output argument. For example, by default modelsummary creates tables with tinytable::tt, which accepts a width and theme arguments.

model or other R object to convert to single-row data frame

ellipsis

a model, (named) list of models, or nested list of models.

• Single model: modelsummary(model)

• Unnamed list of models: modelsummary(list(model1, model2))

  • Models are labelled automatically. The default label style can be altered by setting a global option. See below.

• Named list of models: modelsummary(list("A"=model1, "B"=model2))

  • Models are labelled using the list names.

• Nested list of models:

  • When using the shape argument with "rbind", "rcollapse", or "cbind" values, models can be a nested list of models to display "panels" or "stacks" of regression models. See the shape argument documentation and examples below.

numeric value between 0 and 1. confidence level to use for confidence intervals. Setting this argument to NULL does not extract confidence intervals, which can be faster for some models.

character vector. Subset, rename, and reorder coefficients. Coefficients omitted from this vector are omitted from the table. The order of the vector determines the order of the table. coef_map can be a named or an unnamed character vector. If coef_map is a named vector, its values define the labels that must appear in the table, and its names identify the original term names stored in the model object: c("hp:mpg"="HPxM/G"). See Examples section below.

integer vector or regular expression to identify which coefficients to omit (or keep) from the table. Positive integers determine which coefficients to omit. Negative integers determine which coefficients to keep. A regular expression can be used to omit coefficients, and perl-compatible "negative lookaheads" can be used to specify which coefficients to keep in the table. Examples:

• c(2, 3, 5): omits the second, third, and fifth coefficients.

• c(-2, -3, -5): negative values keep the second, third, and fifth coefficients.

• "ei": omit coefficients matching the "ei" substring.

• "^Volume$": omit the "Volume" coefficient.

• "ei|rc": omit coefficients matching either the "ei" or the "rc" substrings.

• "^(?!Vol)": keep coefficients starting with "Vol" (inverse match using a negative lookahead).

• "^(?!.*ei)": keep coefficients matching the "ei" substring.

• "^(?!.*ei|.*pt)": keep coefficients matching either the "ei" or the "pt" substrings.

• See the Examples section below for complete code.

logical, named or unnamed character vector, or function

• Logical: TRUE renames variables based on the "label" attribute of each column. See the Example section below.

• Unnamed character vector of length equal to the number of coefficients in the final table, after coef_omit is applied.

• Named character vector: Values refer to the variable names that will appear in the table. Names refer to the original term names stored in the model object. Ex: c("hp:mpg"="hp X mpg")

• Function: Accepts a character vector of the model's term names and returns a named vector like the one described above. The modelsummary package supplies a coef_rename() function which can do common cleaning tasks: modelsummary(model, coef_rename = coef_rename)

robust standard errors and other manual statistics. The vcov argument accepts six types of input (see the 'Details' and 'Examples' sections below):

• NULL returns the default uncertainty estimates of the model object

• string, vector, or (named) list of strings. "iid", "classical", and "constant" are aliases for NULL, which returns the model's default uncertainty estimates. The strings "HC", "HC0", "HC1" (alias: "stata"), "HC2", "HC3" (alias: "robust"), "HC4", "HC4m", "HC5", "HAC", "NeweyWest", "Andrews", "panel-corrected", "outer-product", and "weave" use variance-covariance matrices computed using functions from the sandwich package, or equivalent method. "BS", "bootstrap", "residual", "mammen", "webb", "xy", "wild" use the sandwich::vcovBS(). The behavior of those functions can (and sometimes must) be altered by passing arguments to sandwich directly from modelsummary through the ellipsis (...), but it is safer to define your own custom functions as described in the next bullet.

• function or (named) list of functions which return variance-covariance matrices with row and column names equal to the names of your coefficient estimates (e.g., stats::vcov, sandwich::vcovHC, function(x) vcovPC(x, cluster="country")).

• formula or (named) list of formulas with the cluster variable(s) on the right-hand side (e.g., ~clusterid).

• named list of length(models) variance-covariance matrices with row and column names equal to the names of your coefficient estimates.

• a named list of length(models) vectors with names equal to the names of your coefficient estimates. See 'Examples' section below. Warning: since this list of vectors can include arbitrary strings or numbers, modelsummary cannot automatically calculate p values. The stars argument may thus use incorrect significance thresholds when vcov is a list of vectors.

TRUE, FALSE, or logical vector of length equal to the number of models. If TRUE, the estimate, conf.low, and conf.high statistics are exponentiated, and the std.error is transformed to exp(estimate)*std.error. The exponentiate argument is ignored for distributional random effects parameters (SD and Cor).

a data.frame (or tibble) with the same number of columns as your main table. By default, rows are appended to the bottom of the table. Positions can be defined using integers. In the modelsummary() function (only), you can also use string shortcuts: "coef_start", "coef_end", "gof_start", "gof_end"

• attr(new_rows, 1:2)

• attr(new_rows, "gof_start") See Examples section below.

TRUE or FALSE. When the 'models' argument includes several model objects, TRUE draws terms in separate facets, and FALSE draws terms side-by-side (dodged).

TRUE returns a 'ggplot2' object, FALSE returns the data.frame used to draw the plot.

A list of 'ggplot2' geoms to add to the background of the plot. This is especially useful to display annotations "behind" the 'geom_pointrange' that 'modelplot' draws.

all other arguments are passed through to three functions. See the documentation of these functions for lists of available arguments.

• parameters::model_parameters extracts parameter estimates. Available arguments depend on model type, but include:

  • standardize, include_reference, centrality, dispersion, test, ci_method, prior, diagnostic, rope_range, power, cluster, etc.

• performance::model_performance extracts goodness-of-fit statistics. Available arguments depend on model type, but include:

  • metrics, estimator, etc.

• tinytable::tt, kableExtra::kbl or gt::gt draw tables, depending on the value of the output argument. For example, by default modelsummary creates tables with tinytable::tt, which accepts a width and theme arguments.

a model, (named) list of models, or nested list of models.

• Single model: modelsummary(model)

• Unnamed list of models: modelsummary(list(model1, model2))

  • Models are labelled automatically. The default label style can be altered by setting a global option. See below.

• Named list of models: modelsummary(list("A"=model1, "B"=model2))

  • Models are labelled using the list names.

• Nested list of models:

  • When using the shape argument with "rbind", "rcollapse", or "cbind" values, models can be a nested list of models to display "panels" or "stacks" of regression models. See the shape argument documentation and examples below.

filename or object type (character string)

• Supported filename extensions: .docx, .html, .tex, .md, .txt, .csv, .xlsx, .png, .jpg

• Supported object types: "default", "html", "markdown", "latex", "latex_tabular", "typst", "data.frame", "tinytable", "gt", "kableExtra", "huxtable", "flextable", "DT", "jupyter". The "modelsummary_list" value produces a lightweight object which can be saved and fed back to the modelsummary function.

• The "default" output format can be set to "tinytable", "kableExtra", "gt", "flextable", "huxtable", "DT", or "markdown"

  • If the user does not choose a default value, the packages listed above are tried in sequence.

  • Session-specific configuration: options("modelsummary_factory_default" = "gt")

  • Persistent configuration: config_modelsummary(output = "markdown")

• Warning: Users should not supply a file name to the output argument if they intend to customize the table with external packages. See the 'Details' section.

• LaTeX compilation requires the booktabs and siunitx packages, but siunitx can be disabled or replaced with global options. See the 'Details' section.

how to format numeric values: integer, user-supplied function, or modelsummary function.

• Integer: Number of decimal digits

• User-supplied functions:

  • Any function which accepts a numeric vector and returns a character vector of the same length.

• modelsummary functions:

  • fmt = fmt_significant(2): Two significant digits (at the term-level)

  • fmt = fmt_decimal(digits = 2, pdigits = 3): Decimal digits for estimate and p values

  • fmt = fmt_sprintf("%.3f"): See ?sprintf

  • fmt = fmt_term("(Intercept)" = 1, "X" = 2): Format terms differently

  • fmt = fmt_statistic("estimate" = 1, "r.squared" = 6): Format statistics differently.

  • fmt = fmt_identity(): unformatted raw values

• string:

• Note on LaTeX output: To ensure proper typography, all numeric entries are enclosed in the ⁠\num{}⁠ command, which requires the siunitx package to be loaded in the LaTeX preamble. This behavior can be altered with global options. See the 'Details' section.

a single string or a character vector of length equal to the number of models. Valid entries include any column name of the data.frame produced by get_estimates(model), and strings with curly braces compatible with the glue package format. Examples:

• "estimate"

• "{estimate} ({std.error}){stars}"

• "{estimate} [{conf.low}, {conf.high}]"

vector of strings or glue strings which select uncertainty statistics to report vertically below the estimate. NULL omits all uncertainty statistics.

• "conf.int", "std.error", "statistic", "p.value", "conf.low", "conf.high", or any column name produced by get_estimates(model)

• glue package strings with braces, with or without R functions, such as:

  • "{p.value} [{conf.low}, {conf.high}]"

  • "Std.Error: {std.error}"

  • "{exp(estimate) * std.error}"

  • Numbers are automatically rounded and converted to strings. To apply functions to their numeric values, as in the last glue example, users must set fmt=NULL.

  • Parentheses are added automatically unless the string includes glue curly braces {}.

• Notes:

  • The names of the statistic are used a column names when using the shape argument to display statistics as columns:

    • statistic=c("p"="p.value", "["="conf.low", "]"="conf.high")

  • Some statistics are not supported for all models. See column names in get_estimates(model), and visit the website to learn how to add custom statistics.

robust standard errors and other manual statistics. The vcov argument accepts six types of input (see the 'Details' and 'Examples' sections below):

• NULL returns the default uncertainty estimates of the model object

• string, vector, or (named) list of strings. "iid", "classical", and "constant" are aliases for NULL, which returns the model's default uncertainty estimates. The strings "HC", "HC0", "HC1" (alias: "stata"), "HC2", "HC3" (alias: "robust"), "HC4", "HC4m", "HC5", "HAC", "NeweyWest", "Andrews", "panel-corrected", "outer-product", and "weave" use variance-covariance matrices computed using functions from the sandwich package, or equivalent method. "BS", "bootstrap", "residual", "mammen", "webb", "xy", "wild" use the sandwich::vcovBS(). The behavior of those functions can (and sometimes must) be altered by passing arguments to sandwich directly from modelsummary through the ellipsis (...), but it is safer to define your own custom functions as described in the next bullet.

• function or (named) list of functions which return variance-covariance matrices with row and column names equal to the names of your coefficient estimates (e.g., stats::vcov, sandwich::vcovHC, function(x) vcovPC(x, cluster="country")).

• formula or (named) list of formulas with the cluster variable(s) on the right-hand side (e.g., ~clusterid).

• named list of length(models) variance-covariance matrices with row and column names equal to the names of your coefficient estimates.

• a named list of length(models) vectors with names equal to the names of your coefficient estimates. See 'Examples' section below. Warning: since this list of vectors can include arbitrary strings or numbers, modelsummary cannot automatically calculate p values. The stars argument may thus use incorrect significance thresholds when vcov is a list of vectors.

numeric value between 0 and 1. confidence level to use for confidence intervals. Setting this argument to NULL does not extract confidence intervals, which can be faster for some models.

TRUE, FALSE, or logical vector of length equal to the number of models. If TRUE, the estimate, conf.low, and conf.high statistics are exponentiated, and the std.error is transformed to exp(estimate)*std.error. The exponentiate argument is ignored for distributional random effects parameters (SD and Cor).

to indicate statistical significance

• FALSE (default): no significance stars.

• TRUE: c("+" = .1, "*" = .05, "**" = .01, "***" = 0.001)

• Named numeric vector for custom stars such as c('*' = .1, '+' = .05)

• Note: a legend will not be inserted at the bottom of the table when the estimate or statistic arguments use "glue strings" with {stars}.

NULL, formula, or string which determines the shape of a table.

• NULL: Default shape with terms in rows and models in columns.

• Formula: The left side determines what appears on rows, and the right side determines what appears on columns. The formula can include one or more group identifier(s) to display related terms together, which can be useful for models with multivariate outcomes or grouped coefficients (See examples section below). The group identifier(s) must be column names produced by: get_estimates(model). The group identifier(s) can be combined with the term identifier in a single column by using the colon to represent an interaction. If an incomplete formula is supplied (e.g., ~statistic), modelsummary tries to complete it automatically. Goodness-of-fit statistics are only appended to the bottom of the table when model is on the right hand side of the formula (i.e., columns). Potential shape values include:

  • term + statistic ~ model: default

  • term ~ model + statistic: statistics in separate columns

  • model + statistic ~ term: models in rows and terms in columns

  • term + response + statistic ~ model: term and group id in separate columns

  • term : response + statistic ~ model: term and group id in a single column

  • term ~ response

• String: "cbind", "rbind", "rcollapse"

  • "cbind": side-by-side models with autmoatic spanning column headers to group models (tinytable only feature).

  • "rbind" or "rcollapse": "panels" or "stacks" of regression models.

  • the models argument must be a (potentially named) nested list of models.

  • Unnamed nested list with 2 panels: list(list(model1, model2), list(model3, model4))

  • Named nested list with 2 panels: list("Panel A" = list(model1, model2), "Panel B" = list(model3, model4))

  • Named panels and named models: list("Panel A" = list("(I)" = model1, "(II)" = model2), "Panel B" = list("(I)" = model3, "(II)" = model4))

  • "rbind": Bind the rows of independent regression tables

  • "rcollapse": Bind the rows of regression tables and create a panel at the bottom where we "collapse" goodness-of-fit statistics which are identical across models.

character vector. Subset, rename, and reorder coefficients. Coefficients omitted from this vector are omitted from the table. The order of the vector determines the order of the table. coef_map can be a named or an unnamed character vector. If coef_map is a named vector, its values define the labels that must appear in the table, and its names identify the original term names stored in the model object: c("hp:mpg"="HPxM/G"). See Examples section below.

integer vector or regular expression to identify which coefficients to omit (or keep) from the table. Positive integers determine which coefficients to omit. Negative integers determine which coefficients to keep. A regular expression can be used to omit coefficients, and perl-compatible "negative lookaheads" can be used to specify which coefficients to keep in the table. Examples:

• c(2, 3, 5): omits the second, third, and fifth coefficients.

• c(-2, -3, -5): negative values keep the second, third, and fifth coefficients.

• "ei": omit coefficients matching the "ei" substring.

• "^Volume$": omit the "Volume" coefficient.

• "ei|rc": omit coefficients matching either the "ei" or the "rc" substrings.

• "^(?!Vol)": keep coefficients starting with "Vol" (inverse match using a negative lookahead).

• "^(?!.*ei)": keep coefficients matching the "ei" substring.

• "^(?!.*ei|.*pt)": keep coefficients matching either the "ei" or the "pt" substrings.

• See the Examples section below for complete code.

logical, named or unnamed character vector, or function

• Logical: TRUE renames variables based on the "label" attribute of each column. See the Example section below.

• Unnamed character vector of length equal to the number of coefficients in the final table, after coef_omit is applied.

• Named character vector: Values refer to the variable names that will appear in the table. Names refer to the original term names stored in the model object. Ex: c("hp:mpg"="hp X mpg")

• Function: Accepts a character vector of the model's term names and returns a named vector like the one described above. The modelsummary package supplies a coef_rename() function which can do common cleaning tasks: modelsummary(model, coef_rename = coef_rename)

rename, reorder, and omit goodness-of-fit statistics and other model information. This argument accepts 4 types of values:

• NULL (default): the modelsummary::gof_map dictionary is used for formatting, and all unknown statistic are included.

• character vector: "all", "none", or a vector of statistics such as c("rmse", "nobs", "r.squared"). Elements correspond to colnames in the data.frame produced by get_gof(model). The modelsummary::gof_map default dictionary is used to format and rename statistics.

• NA: excludes all statistics from the bottom part of the table.

• data.frame with 3 columns named "raw", "clean", "fmt". Unknown statistics are omitted. See the 'Examples' section below. The fmt column in this data frame only accepts integers. For more flexibility, use a list of lists, as described in the next bullet.

• list of lists, each of which includes 3 elements named "raw", "clean", "fmt". Unknown statistics are omitted. See the 'Examples section below'.

string regular expression (perl-compatible) used to determine which statistics to omit from the bottom section of the table. A "negative lookahead" can be used to specify which statistics to keep in the table. Examples:

• "IC": omit statistics matching the "IC" substring.

• "BIC|AIC": omit statistics matching the "AIC" or "BIC" substrings.

• "^(?!.*IC)": keep statistics matching the "IC" substring.

function which accepts a model object in the model argument and returns a 1-row data.frame with one custom goodness-of-fit statistic per column.

named or unnamed character vector. Subset, rename, and reorder coefficient groups specified a grouping variable specified in the shape argument formula. This argument behaves like coef_map.

a data.frame (or tibble) with the same number of rows as #' your main table. By default, rows are appended to the bottom of the table. You can define a "position" attribute of integers to set the columns positions. See Examples section below.

a data.frame (or tibble) with the same number of columns as your main table. By default, rows are appended to the bottom of the table. Positions can be defined using integers. In the modelsummary() function (only), you can also use string shortcuts: "coef_start", "coef_end", "gof_start", "gof_end"

• attr(new_rows, 1:2)

• attr(new_rows, "gof_start") See Examples section below.

A string with a number of characters equal to the number of columns in the table (e.g., align = "lcc"). Valid characters: l, c, r, d.

• "l": left-aligned column

• "c": centered column

• "r": right-aligned column

• "d": dot-aligned column. For LaTeX/PDF output, this option requires at least version 3.0.25 of the siunitx LaTeX package. See the LaTeX preamble help section below for commands to insert in your LaTeX preamble.

list or vector of notes to append to the bottom of the table.

string. Cross-reference labels should be added with Quarto or Rmarkdown chunk options when applicable. When saving standalone LaTeX files, users can add a label such as ⁠\\label{tab:mytable}⁠ directly to the title string, while also specifying escape=FALSE.

boolean TRUE escapes or substitutes LaTeX/HTML characters which could prevent the file from compiling/displaying. TRUE escapes all cells, captions, and notes. Users can have more fine-grained control by setting escape=FALSE and using an external command such as: modelsummary(model, "latex") |> tinytable::format_tt(tab, j=1:5, escape=TRUE)

all other arguments are passed through to three functions. See the documentation of these functions for lists of available arguments.

• parameters::model_parameters extracts parameter estimates. Available arguments depend on model type, but include:

  • standardize, include_reference, centrality, dispersion, test, ci_method, prior, diagnostic, rope_range, power, cluster, etc.

• performance::model_performance extracts goodness-of-fit statistics. Available arguments depend on model type, but include:

  • metrics, estimator, etc.

• tinytable::tt, kableExtra::kbl or gt::gt draw tables, depending on the value of the output argument. For example, by default modelsummary creates tables with tinytable::tt, which accepts a width and theme arguments.

a model, (named) list of models, or nested list of models.

• Single model: modelsummary(model)

• Unnamed list of models: modelsummary(list(model1, model2))

  • Models are labelled automatically. The default label style can be altered by setting a global option. See below.

• Named list of models: modelsummary(list("A"=model1, "B"=model2))

  • Models are labelled using the list names.

• Nested list of models:

  • When using the shape argument with "rbind", "rcollapse", or "cbind" values, models can be a nested list of models to display "panels" or "stacks" of regression models. See the shape argument documentation and examples below.

filename or object type (character string)

• Supported filename extensions: .docx, .html, .tex, .md, .txt, .csv, .xlsx, .png, .jpg

• Supported object types: "default", "html", "markdown", "latex", "latex_tabular", "typst", "data.frame", "tinytable", "gt", "kableExtra", "huxtable", "flextable", "DT", "jupyter". The "modelsummary_list" value produces a lightweight object which can be saved and fed back to the modelsummary function.

• The "default" output format can be set to "tinytable", "kableExtra", "gt", "flextable", "huxtable", "DT", or "markdown"

  • If the user does not choose a default value, the packages listed above are tried in sequence.

  • Session-specific configuration: options("modelsummary_factory_default" = "gt")

  • Persistent configuration: config_modelsummary(output = "markdown")

• Warning: Users should not supply a file name to the output argument if they intend to customize the table with external packages. See the 'Details' section.

• LaTeX compilation requires the booktabs and siunitx packages, but siunitx can be disabled or replaced with global options. See the 'Details' section.

how to format numeric values: integer, user-supplied function, or modelsummary function.

• Integer: Number of decimal digits

• User-supplied functions:

  • Any function which accepts a numeric vector and returns a character vector of the same length.

• modelsummary functions:

  • fmt = fmt_significant(2): Two significant digits (at the term-level)

  • fmt = fmt_decimal(digits = 2, pdigits = 3): Decimal digits for estimate and p values

  • fmt = fmt_sprintf("%.3f"): See ?sprintf

  • fmt = fmt_term("(Intercept)" = 1, "X" = 2): Format terms differently

  • fmt = fmt_statistic("estimate" = 1, "r.squared" = 6): Format statistics differently.

  • fmt = fmt_identity(): unformatted raw values

• string:

• Note on LaTeX output: To ensure proper typography, all numeric entries are enclosed in the ⁠\num{}⁠ command, which requires the siunitx package to be loaded in the LaTeX preamble. This behavior can be altered with global options. See the 'Details' section.

a single string or a character vector of length equal to the number of models. Valid entries include any column name of the data.frame produced by get_estimates(model), and strings with curly braces compatible with the glue package format. Examples:

• "estimate"

• "{estimate} ({std.error}){stars}"

• "{estimate} [{conf.low}, {conf.high}]"

vector of strings or glue strings which select uncertainty statistics to report vertically below the estimate. NULL omits all uncertainty statistics.

• "conf.int", "std.error", "statistic", "p.value", "conf.low", "conf.high", or any column name produced by get_estimates(model)

• glue package strings with braces, with or without R functions, such as:

  • "{p.value} [{conf.low}, {conf.high}]"

  • "Std.Error: {std.error}"

  • "{exp(estimate) * std.error}"

  • Numbers are automatically rounded and converted to strings. To apply functions to their numeric values, as in the last glue example, users must set fmt=NULL.

  • Parentheses are added automatically unless the string includes glue curly braces {}.

• Notes:

  • The names of the statistic are used a column names when using the shape argument to display statistics as columns:

    • statistic=c("p"="p.value", "["="conf.low", "]"="conf.high")

  • Some statistics are not supported for all models. See column names in get_estimates(model), and visit the website to learn how to add custom statistics.

robust standard errors and other manual statistics. The vcov argument accepts six types of input (see the 'Details' and 'Examples' sections below):

• NULL returns the default uncertainty estimates of the model object

• string, vector, or (named) list of strings. "iid", "classical", and "constant" are aliases for NULL, which returns the model's default uncertainty estimates. The strings "HC", "HC0", "HC1" (alias: "stata"), "HC2", "HC3" (alias: "robust"), "HC4", "HC4m", "HC5", "HAC", "NeweyWest", "Andrews", "panel-corrected", "outer-product", and "weave" use variance-covariance matrices computed using functions from the sandwich package, or equivalent method. "BS", "bootstrap", "residual", "mammen", "webb", "xy", "wild" use the sandwich::vcovBS(). The behavior of those functions can (and sometimes must) be altered by passing arguments to sandwich directly from modelsummary through the ellipsis (...), but it is safer to define your own custom functions as described in the next bullet.

• function or (named) list of functions which return variance-covariance matrices with row and column names equal to the names of your coefficient estimates (e.g., stats::vcov, sandwich::vcovHC, function(x) vcovPC(x, cluster="country")).

• formula or (named) list of formulas with the cluster variable(s) on the right-hand side (e.g., ~clusterid).

• named list of length(models) variance-covariance matrices with row and column names equal to the names of your coefficient estimates.

• a named list of length(models) vectors with names equal to the names of your coefficient estimates. See 'Examples' section below. Warning: since this list of vectors can include arbitrary strings or numbers, modelsummary cannot automatically calculate p values. The stars argument may thus use incorrect significance thresholds when vcov is a list of vectors.

numeric value between 0 and 1. confidence level to use for confidence intervals. Setting this argument to NULL does not extract confidence intervals, which can be faster for some models.

TRUE, FALSE, or logical vector of length equal to the number of models. If TRUE, the estimate, conf.low, and conf.high statistics are exponentiated, and the std.error is transformed to exp(estimate)*std.error. The exponentiate argument is ignored for distributional random effects parameters (SD and Cor).

to indicate statistical significance

• FALSE (default): no significance stars.

• TRUE: c("+" = .1, "*" = .05, "**" = .01, "***" = 0.001)

• Named numeric vector for custom stars such as c('*' = .1, '+' = .05)

• Note: a legend will not be inserted at the bottom of the table when the estimate or statistic arguments use "glue strings" with {stars}.

NULL, formula, or string which determines the shape of a table.

• NULL: Default shape with terms in rows and models in columns.

• Formula: The left side determines what appears on rows, and the right side determines what appears on columns. The formula can include one or more group identifier(s) to display related terms together, which can be useful for models with multivariate outcomes or grouped coefficients (See examples section below). The group identifier(s) must be column names produced by: get_estimates(model). The group identifier(s) can be combined with the term identifier in a single column by using the colon to represent an interaction. If an incomplete formula is supplied (e.g., ~statistic), modelsummary tries to complete it automatically. Goodness-of-fit statistics are only appended to the bottom of the table when model is on the right hand side of the formula (i.e., columns). Potential shape values include:

  • term + statistic ~ model: default

  • term ~ model + statistic: statistics in separate columns

  • model + statistic ~ term: models in rows and terms in columns

  • term + response + statistic ~ model: term and group id in separate columns

  • term : response + statistic ~ model: term and group id in a single column

  • term ~ response

• String: "cbind", "rbind", "rcollapse"

  • "cbind": side-by-side models with autmoatic spanning column headers to group models (tinytable only feature).

  • "rbind" or "rcollapse": "panels" or "stacks" of regression models.

  • the models argument must be a (potentially named) nested list of models.

  • Unnamed nested list with 2 panels: list(list(model1, model2), list(model3, model4))

  • Named nested list with 2 panels: list("Panel A" = list(model1, model2), "Panel B" = list(model3, model4))

  • Named panels and named models: list("Panel A" = list("(I)" = model1, "(II)" = model2), "Panel B" = list("(I)" = model3, "(II)" = model4))

  • "rbind": Bind the rows of independent regression tables

  • "rcollapse": Bind the rows of regression tables and create a panel at the bottom where we "collapse" goodness-of-fit statistics which are identical across models.

character vector. Subset, rename, and reorder coefficients. Coefficients omitted from this vector are omitted from the table. The order of the vector determines the order of the table. coef_map can be a named or an unnamed character vector. If coef_map is a named vector, its values define the labels that must appear in the table, and its names identify the original term names stored in the model object: c("hp:mpg"="HPxM/G"). See Examples section below.

integer vector or regular expression to identify which coefficients to omit (or keep) from the table. Positive integers determine which coefficients to omit. Negative integers determine which coefficients to keep. A regular expression can be used to omit coefficients, and perl-compatible "negative lookaheads" can be used to specify which coefficients to keep in the table. Examples:

• c(2, 3, 5): omits the second, third, and fifth coefficients.

• c(-2, -3, -5): negative values keep the second, third, and fifth coefficients.

• "ei": omit coefficients matching the "ei" substring.

• "^Volume$": omit the "Volume" coefficient.

• "ei|rc": omit coefficients matching either the "ei" or the "rc" substrings.

• "^(?!Vol)": keep coefficients starting with "Vol" (inverse match using a negative lookahead).

• "^(?!.*ei)": keep coefficients matching the "ei" substring.

• "^(?!.*ei|.*pt)": keep coefficients matching either the "ei" or the "pt" substrings.

• See the Examples section below for complete code.

logical, named or unnamed character vector, or function

• Logical: TRUE renames variables based on the "label" attribute of each column. See the Example section below.

• Unnamed character vector of length equal to the number of coefficients in the final table, after coef_omit is applied.

• Named character vector: Values refer to the variable names that will appear in the table. Names refer to the original term names stored in the model object. Ex: c("hp:mpg"="hp X mpg")

• Function: Accepts a character vector of the model's term names and returns a named vector like the one described above. The modelsummary package supplies a coef_rename() function which can do common cleaning tasks: modelsummary(model, coef_rename = coef_rename)

rename, reorder, and omit goodness-of-fit statistics and other model information. This argument accepts 4 types of values:

• NULL (default): the modelsummary::gof_map dictionary is used for formatting, and all unknown statistic are included.

• character vector: "all", "none", or a vector of statistics such as c("rmse", "nobs", "r.squared"). Elements correspond to colnames in the data.frame produced by get_gof(model). The modelsummary::gof_map default dictionary is used to format and rename statistics.

• NA: excludes all statistics from the bottom part of the table.

• data.frame with 3 columns named "raw", "clean", "fmt". Unknown statistics are omitted. See the 'Examples' section below. The fmt column in this data frame only accepts integers. For more flexibility, use a list of lists, as described in the next bullet.

• list of lists, each of which includes 3 elements named "raw", "clean", "fmt". Unknown statistics are omitted. See the 'Examples section below'.

string regular expression (perl-compatible) used to determine which statistics to omit from the bottom section of the table. A "negative lookahead" can be used to specify which statistics to keep in the table. Examples:

• "IC": omit statistics matching the "IC" substring.

• "BIC|AIC": omit statistics matching the "AIC" or "BIC" substrings.

• "^(?!.*IC)": keep statistics matching the "IC" substring.

function which accepts a model object in the model argument and returns a 1-row data.frame with one custom goodness-of-fit statistic per column.

named or unnamed character vector. Subset, rename, and reorder coefficient groups specified a grouping variable specified in the shape argument formula. This argument behaves like coef_map.

a data.frame (or tibble) with the same number of rows as #' your main table. By default, rows are appended to the bottom of the table. You can define a "position" attribute of integers to set the columns positions. See Examples section below.

a data.frame (or tibble) with the same number of columns as your main table. By default, rows are appended to the bottom of the table. Positions can be defined using integers. In the modelsummary() function (only), you can also use string shortcuts: "coef_start", "coef_end", "gof_start", "gof_end"

• attr(new_rows, 1:2)

• attr(new_rows, "gof_start") See Examples section below.

A string with a number of characters equal to the number of columns in the table (e.g., align = "lcc"). Valid characters: l, c, r, d.

• "l": left-aligned column

• "c": centered column

• "r": right-aligned column

• "d": dot-aligned column. For LaTeX/PDF output, this option requires at least version 3.0.25 of the siunitx LaTeX package. See the LaTeX preamble help section below for commands to insert in your LaTeX preamble.

list or vector of notes to append to the bottom of the table.

string. Cross-reference labels should be added with Quarto or Rmarkdown chunk options when applicable. When saving standalone LaTeX files, users can add a label such as ⁠\\label{tab:mytable}⁠ directly to the title string, while also specifying escape=FALSE.

boolean TRUE escapes or substitutes LaTeX/HTML characters which could prevent the file from compiling/displaying. TRUE escapes all cells, captions, and notes. Users can have more fine-grained control by setting escape=FALSE and using an external command such as: modelsummary(model, "latex") |> tinytable::format_tt(tab, j=1:5, escape=TRUE)

all other arguments are passed through to three functions. See the documentation of these functions for lists of available arguments.

• parameters::model_parameters extracts parameter estimates. Available arguments depend on model type, but include:

  • standardize, include_reference, centrality, dispersion, test, ci_method, prior, diagnostic, rope_range, power, cluster, etc.

• performance::model_performance extracts goodness-of-fit statistics. Available arguments depend on model type, but include:

  • metrics, estimator, etc.

• tinytable::tt, kableExtra::kbl or gt::gt draw tables, depending on the value of the output argument. For example, by default modelsummary creates tables with tinytable::tt, which accepts a width and theme arguments.

An object to be converted into a tidy data.frame or tibble.

one of two strings: "development" or "cran"